PANS/PANDAS Immunological Underpinnings

In April and May 2024, for this narrative paper, a wide literature search was carried out by three of the authors of the present review to disclose relevant studies on various databases (PubMed, Scopus and WOS). The papers were selected including the following keywords: PANS, PANDAS, neuroinflammation, immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and pediatrics. Mechanisms included TH17 lymphocytes and cytokine panels, monocytes, intestinal inflammation, arthritis, autoimmune disease and other systemic inflammatory signs, autoantibodies, and antibodies.

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